The 74% of graduates find jobs within a year

In 2021 the employment rate is equal, one year after graduation, to 74.5% among first-level graduates and 74.6% among second-level graduates; among two-year master’s graduates the employment rate rises to 76,5%, while for single cycle teachers it is 70.3%. This is what Almalaurea writes in his "Survey on the employment status of graduates 2022" of which UniOlbia offers a synthesis.

The comparison with the previous AlmaLaurea surveys shows a tendency to improve the employment rate of graduates - it is written in the report - . In particular, the values observed in 2021 return a positive result because they show an improvement not only compared to the previous year, but also compared to what was observed in 2019, when the growth trend in labour market absorption capacity had not yet been halted by the advent of the pandemic. Such positive signs are recorded above all for the graduates of second level, for which in 2021 the rate of occupation turns out in increase of 2,9 points percentages regarding the survey of 2019; for the graduates of first level, instead, the increment is more contained (+0.4 percentage points).

Even graduates three and five years after graduation show some signs of improvement in employment  performance , while showing very high employment levels. In detail, three years after graduation, the employment rate reaches 88.3% among first-level graduates and 85.6% among second-level graduates (88.2% for two-year graduates and 80.3% for single-cycle graduates).

Five years after graduation, the employment rate is 89.6% for first level graduates and 88.5% for second level graduates. Disaggregated by type of course, the employment rate reaches 89.1% for two-year courses, a value higher than 86.9 found for one-cycle courses. The comparison with the 2019 survey shows an increased employment rate of 0.9 percentage points among first-level graduates and 1.7 percentage points among second-level graduates.

The course of study concluded has an effect on the employment  chances  of recent graduates: other things being equal, the most favored are the graduates of the IT group and ICT technologies, as well as those of the medical- In addition to this, architecture and civil engineering, education and training and science groups.

Gender analysis shows the best placement of men (12.8% more likely to be employed than women). There are, therefore, significant traditional gender differences in absorption capacity in the labour market, which are also associated with different periods of integration, which see, once again, men at an advantage over women.

Territorial differences are also confirmed to be significant, both in terms of residence and in terms of geographical distribution of study. In detail, those residing in the North are more likely to be employed (+43.7%) than those residing in the South; similarly, as regards the geographical distribution of study, the graduates of the North have 35,9% more likely to be employed than those who studied in the Mezzogiorno. In addition, those who live in a province other than the location of studies have a 5.6% higher probability of being employed a year, than those who study in the same province of residence.

 Although the deepening leads to estimate a contained influence, graduates from families in which at least one parent is a graduate show a lower probability of employment (-7.2%) a year from the title, compared to those with parents with non-university qualifications. The underlying assumption is that the family context allows graduates to choose to postpone entry into the labour market, pending a better placement.

In total, a year from the title, self-employment affects 11.6% of first-level graduates employed and 12.7% of second-level graduates: this value stands at 8.8% for two-year master’s degrees as it rises, by the very nature of such pathways that are oriented to the start-up of self-employment, to 26.0% for single cycle teachers.

The permanent employment contract covers 29.8% of first level employees and 25.7% of second level employees. Also in this case the differentiations between biennial (29.1%) and single cycle mastery (14.0%) are relevant.

 The predominant form of work among graduates employed within one year of the title is confirmed, also for 2021, the non-standard contract (in particular for fixed-term employment), which concerns 41.4% of first-level graduates and 38.5% of second-level graduates, with some difference between types of course: 36.8% for two-year courses and 44.4% for one-cycle courses.

Employed persons employed under a training contract, on the other hand, are respectively 10.4% of first-level graduates and 13.4% of second-level graduates (in particular, 15.6% between two-year master’s degrees and 6.1% among single-cycle graduates).

The other forms of self-employment (mainly occasional collaboration contracts) concern 2.6% of first-level graduates and 3.6% of second-level graduates (3.4% and 4.3% respectively for two-year and one-cycle master’s degrees)while parasubordinate work affects 2.4% and 2.9% (2.9% and 2.7% respectively for two-year and one-cycle master courses). Finally, unregulated work accounts for 1.7% of first level employees and 1.6% of second level employees (1.5% for two-year courses of study and 1.7% for single cycle teachers).

 In 2021, the net monthly salary of one year from the title is, on average, 1,340 euro for first-level graduates and 1,407 euro for second-level graduates; there are differences between the salaries received by two-year graduates, equal on average to 1,355 euros net monthly, and those of the single cycle teachers, which amounted to 1,589 euros. Overall, there was an increase compared to the survey of 2019: +9.1% for first level graduates and +7.7% for second level graduates.

 Note: The XXIV AlmaLaurea Survey on the Occupational Status of Graduates involved 660 thousand first and second level graduates (two-year and one-cycle master’s degrees). The universities involved in the survey are 76, of the 80 adhering to AlmaLaurea in June 2022. These are in particular 287 thousand first and second level graduates of 2020, contacted one year after the end of studies, 119 thousand second level graduates of 2018, contacted three years after the end of studies, 114 thousand second level graduates of 2016, contacted five years after the end of studies, 74 thousand and 66 thousand first-level graduates, respectively, in 2018 and 2016 who did not continue their university education, contacted three and five years after graduation.

"Survey on the employment situation of graduates 2022" (Almalaurea)